Originally posted by Johnny L
I've only recently come to understand how a dominant chord is spelled, but should I also understand a dominant chord as the V chord in some progression?
By definition, a dominant chord is a V chord. In the key of C Major, the dominant, or V chord, is G7. However, there is a plethora of ways to use a dominant chord so that it is not the V chord in a given key. One possibility is what's called a secondary dominant. In "Take The A Train", for example, the D7 in the 3rd bar is a secondary dominant of V, or "V7 of V".
In a typical blues, the I, IV, V, and sometimes ii chords are all dominant chords (1,3,5 b7), but each takes on the individual function in the key depending on what the root is, and only the V chord is the actual dominant.
Also, as noted in another post, a dominant chord can be minor. The derivation of the "minor v" is from the natural minor scale, wherein the flat 7th of the key is the flat 3rd of the v chord. This does not have as strong a pull to the tonic, however.