My first bass teacher asked me that. I didn't even know what I didn't, much less everything. Dumb, naive, young, all of that and maybe more. My answer was "play bass." To me at the time, I thought what's up with that ... isn't it obvious? Yeah, I was that kind of student.
Anyhow, I'm not a music teacher and not even a good bass player. I'm fairly certain that questions has been asked many times and the responses were much more explicative and inspiring for the teacher.
My post was shorter than I should have left it. Reading back it comes across as flippant, and that is definitely not what I intended. This thread is an excellent example of bassist with different goals and expectations of themselves, even though they probably wouldn't have been able to completely articulate them in the beginning.
I've never been a music teacher, and will be the first one to say I am not qualified to really be one. I did just retire after 30 years of being a middle and high school teacher. Mostly science, although I taught some woodworking the last few years (It's a sideline, and I am a more accomplished woodworker than musician.
). I did include music in my science courses where it fit, kept a guitar and bass in my classroom, encouraged students to play, and worked very informally with several over the years. The woodworking was very different than my regular classroom. The classroom curriculum was already established, it would be tested at the end of the year, and my job was to get each student to master it to the best of their ability. The woodshop was different. Some students were interested in a construction-related career of some sort. They wanted to know the how and why of everything. The more they learned, the more their interests and abilities guided them toward some aspects as opposed to others. Some students showed me a picture of what they wanted to build. In one case, "Grandpa made this when he was in school, Grandma still has it, and I want to make one for my mom." My responsibility was to identify the skills necessary to build it, find ways for them to develop those, and then assist them in making a plan that allows them to apply those skills and build their project. A couple of students just needed an elective and took my woodworking course because they were already comfortable with me as a teacher.
Knowing that a student doesn't have any idea what their goals might be is important. What kind of music do you like? Some people will start by saying I want to be able to play
Green Onions. Even something as simple as, "Have you seen Duck Dunn? Who doesn't want to be a bass player?!?" provides a little information that will let the teacher know where to start and what goals to set. If you are the bassist in the worship band, then they may want to be like you, and they may or may not say that. Some people have played a guitar a little and will relate to how the instrument works. Some people have played piano; after they understand how bass strings and frets work, and that moving from one fret to another is like moving from one key to another, their current understanding of music theory starts applying to bass.
I agree that working with a group of students is good. It's nice to see that you aren't the only one struggling because your hand hurts, and you can't make that note ring out clearly.
Be engaged, aware, and enthusiastic. There are a ton of valuable resources already listed - I don't have much to contribute to them. As the student develops, the student will demonstrate (consciously or not) the direction in which they are headed, and the teacher's role is to build a road that will get them there. A large percentage of them will give up when it hurts and starts to look like work. Encourage them to stick with it, but if they quit don't hold it against them and don't take it personally.
Enjoy!