In my experience it depends on a few factors. I never had to adjust 3 piece short-scale necks (Höfner Cavern / Ibanez EB3 copy) here.
My one piece maple 2 octave 4 string fretless neck sometimes needs to be adjusted around the end of winter.
But the fretless 2 octave 5 string hasn't had any adjustments yet.
So maybe the quality of wood and truss rod, combined with how well the bass is set up, make a difference too.
Then again, it also makes a difference if you carry the bass around a lot.
And if it's in a proper suitcase or in a bag.
My one piece maple 2 octave 4 string fretless neck sometimes needs to be adjusted around the end of winter.
But the fretless 2 octave 5 string hasn't had any adjustments yet.
So maybe the quality of wood and truss rod, combined with how well the bass is set up, make a difference too.
Then again, it also makes a difference if you carry the bass around a lot.
And if it's in a proper suitcase or in a bag.