I have a nice Grizzly belt/disc sander. It has a strong 12" disc and runs at 1750 rpm, rather than the usual 3450 rpm that most go. I bought it, thinking that it would be great for squaring up maple blocks. Both on the 6 x 48 belt and on the disc.
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That's it on the right, on the metal cabinet. A good strong machine, and it does a great job.....grinding metal.
But sanding hardwood like maple blocks on a hard disc like that doesn't work. The sanding disc heats up and clogs up and burns the maple almost instantly. Even a 12" disc, running at 1750 rpm, with good 80 grit paper. The paper won't clear; too much heat. It's useless for grinding wood. Anything thicker than 1/4".
A 10" disk of finer paper running at 3450 rpm on a table saw? I can't imagine how that would be useful for much of anything. You'd get a better, cleaner end surface running the board across the normal saw blade. I wouldn't spend your money on a disk sanding adapter for a tablesaw.
Or any disk sander for woodworking, unless it's 20" dia or larger. You need the large circumference of sandpaper, for it to stay cool and throw off the dust as it goes around. That's why edge sanders have long belts; the length of the belt keeps the paper cool.
In boatyards, you'll sometimes see 36" or 48" (!!) disk sanders. Big horsepower, turning fairly slow, like 60-100 rpm? The burly dudes wrestle big timbers up against them to square off ends.
In an oar-making shop, I remember seeing a huge custom sanding drum machine. The drum was about 8' dia x 12" wide, made of wood with a rubber surface. It was about a 12" x 25' sanding belt around the outside. The axis was horizontal and the bottom 2' of the drum was in a pit in the floor. Probably going around 60 rpm. The guy was standing in front of it, freehand shaping the blades of his oars.