I understand there is a time difference, but cold is cold. Shouldn't matter if the bass has been in 'X' degrees for a week or a couple days or overnight. I sincerely doubt that a bass has a core temperature that only drops after a certain amount of time. I had both my basses in the trailer overnight, meaning a good 18+ hours, in an unheated trailer, in close to 15 degree temps (wind chill being in the single digits), and I didn't need to acclimate them. I would wager that I could leave them in the trailer from one weekend to the next and still not have an issue.
It shouldn't matter, but it does
It also depends on the bass, some can go through extreme temperature changes with no problem (except maybe some fret ends showing) and others will develop a few hairline cracks in the finish, and some, like my acoustic, get extreme spider-web cracks.
If you didn't need to acclimate it once, you never have to because your specific bass doesn't have a problem.
It's not an old wives take, but the rate of it not happening is not 100%. Lots of nots, but it makes sense, right? Just a better safe than sorry thing.